The Kigali Amendment targets emissions of which substances?

• A. Ozone-depleting substances
• B. Methane
• C. Hydrofluorocarbons
• D. Carbon monoxide

Answer: (C)

The Kigali Amendment targets hydrofluorocarbons, a group of synthetic greenhouse gases used mainly in refrigerants, air conditioning, and foam blowing agents. They don’t deplete the ozone layer, but they carry very high global warming potentials, meaning they trap a lot of heat relative to CO2 over a given time. To curb near-term climate warming, the amendment extends the Montreal Protocol’s work by phasing down production and consumption of these HFCs. That’s why this option fits: it’s addressing HFCs specifically as climate pollutants. Ozone-depleting substances are controlled by the original Montreal Protocol, not this amendment; methane and carbon monoxide are greenhouse gases addressed by other climate policies and agreements, not the Kigali framework.