What global agreement addresses HFCs?

• A. Kyoto Protocol
• B. Paris Agreement
• C. Montreal Protocol
• D. Kigali Amendment

Answer: (D)

HFCs are potent greenhouse gases used as refrigerants, and they needed a targeted mechanism to reduce their production and use. The agreement that addresses them is an amendment to the Montreal Protocol, adopted in Kigali, Rwanda, that adds HFCs to the substances to be phased down. The Montreal Protocol originally focused on ozone-depleting substances, not HFCs, but because HFCs have high global warming potential, the Kigali Amendment was added to control them within the same framework. The other treaties have broader climate goals (Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement) or address ozone-depleting substances in general (the Montreal Protocol) without specifically targeting HFCs. Thus, the Kigali Amendment is the correct one for HFCs.