Which of the following statements about PCB health effects is correct?

• A. PCBs cause only mild skin irritation
• B. PCBs have no effect on the reproductive system
• C. PCBs can cause cancer, immune and reproductive damage
• D. PCBs are beneficial for metabolic processes

Answer: (C)

PCBs are persistent, lipophilic chemicals that linger in the environment and in the body for long periods. They bioaccumulate up the food chain, so exposure to people mainly comes from contaminated food. Because of this persistence and accumulation, PCBs can have a broad range of health effects. Many PCB congeners have carcinogenic potential and can modulate immune function, making infections and immune-related issues more likely. They can also disrupt hormonal and reproductive processes, leading to reproductive toxicity. This combination—cancer risk, immune system effects, and reproductive harm—covers the major health concerns associated with PCB exposure, which is why the statement describing these effects is the most accurate. The other options mischaracterize PCBs: they are not merely a mild skin irritant, they do affect the reproductive system, and they are not beneficial for metabolic processes.