Which treaty controls ODS globally?

• A. Montreal Protocol
• B. Kyoto Protocol
• C. Basel Convention
• D. Paris Agreement

Answer: (A)

The main idea is global control of substances that harm the ozone layer, through a treaty that sets binding phase-out schedules and supports countries in making the switch to safer alternatives. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer does exactly that. Agreed in 1987 and updated with amendments over time, it lists ozone-depleting substances and requires phased reductions, with developing countries aided by the Multilateral Fund to meet the targets. Its approach is proactive and adaptable, tightening controls as science advances (including later steps to curb related substitutes like certain refrigerants under the Kigali Amendment). This broad, targeted focus on ozone-depleting chemicals distinguishes it from the other agreements, which address climate change or waste trade rather than ozone-depleting substances.